Instead of having to investigate, some innocent roles give complete information on the entire mafia: The witness is told who the mafia are during the first night, while the mafia are not told the witness's identity (differing from the stool pigeon in not being a part of the mafia). The Little Girl in Werewolf and Werewolves of Miller's Hollow is allowed to secretly peek and watch as the werewolves choose their victim; if discovered doing so by the Werewolves, she dies of fright. [Note 8] Protective roles [ edit ] Chittaranjan, G., & Hung, H. (2010, March). Are you a werewolf? detecting deceptive roles and outcomes in a conversational role-playing game. In Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2010 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 5334–5337). IEEE. The Priest alone knows whether the dead were innocent in the World Boardgaming Championships game described by Bruno Wolff in "Werewolf rules" . Retrieved 2007-11-19.

For example Plotkin, A. "Werewolf Statistics". If we figure that 9 or 11 players is ideal for a two-wolf game, and we assume that these probabilities actually means anything (heh heh), then an ideal game has a human-win chance of 0.23 to 0.29. (Again, for completely stupid humans.) The naming of various roles, factions, and other elements of play is theme-dependent and has limitless variation. Common alternative themes restyle the mafia as werewolves, cultists, assassins, or witches, with other roles being renamed appropriately.

MAFIA - XKCD Wiki". wiki.xkcd.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-26 . Retrieved 2015-09-19. The Witch was introduced as a special character in The Werewolves of Millers Hollow, where she also has a single-use killing potion. She may be able to revive herself with the "reanimation potion", see: Original Werewolf characters Berest, Pavlo (8 March 2006). "Intellectuals playing mafia games". Now the rules of the game are the intellectual property of Fedorov. The club has its own rules, see: "Club Империя Мафии".

Andrew Plotkin recommends having exactly two mafiosi, [3] whereas the original Davidoff rules suggest a third of the players (rounding to the nearest whole number) be mafiosi. Davidoff's original game does not include roles with special abilities. [1] In his rules for "Werewolf", Plotkin recommends that the first phase be night and that there be an odd number of players (including the moderator). These specifications avoid tie votes for eliminations and ensure that the game will end dramatically on an elimination rather than anticlimactically with murder as a foregone conclusion. [3] Night [ edit ] Werewolves discussing whom to kill during the night Additional variations exist, sometimes with even more specialized or complicated abilities. There are many special roles, and many moderators design novel roles for each game. Some commercial variants ship with blank cards to allow this customization. [51] For example, neutral factions such as the serial killer could exist (the serial killer would have to kill everyone, innocent or mafia, to win). Alternatively, they may have a vote, but be mandated to always vote against eliminations, as is the Village Ethicist [ permanent dead link]

Mafia can also be played online. Games can be played on IRC channels, where a bot assumes the role of a game moderator and the interaction of players is conducted via textual communication. [66] As my player experience suggests, this is quite a typical reaction of new Mafia players, who attempt to find analogies with real-life games. The Community of Mafia (Latvia) st_at_clarion: Clarion, Day 33: She's mafia, I know she is!". 2012-03-10. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012 . Retrieved 2022-03-02. Harsanyi, J. C. (1994). Games with incomplete information. In Evolution and Progress in Democracies (pp. 43–55). Springer, Dordrecht.

The moderator instructs players to open their eyes and announces who "died" the previous night. Discussion ensues among the living players. At any point, a player may accuse someone of being a mafioso and prompt others to vote to eliminate them. If over half of the players do so, the accused person is eliminated and night begins. Otherwise, the phase continues until an elimination occurs. [3] Name: Naive Cop". Archived from the original on 2007-02-27 . Retrieved 2007-12-16. Description: A type of cop that always gets innocent results regardless of who they investigate Who is ready to vote for CEO elimination? The unanimous decision!” “Mafia” conquers Russian corporate world, but it could benefit the businesses. Mafia is a complicated game to model, so most analyses of optimal play have assumed both (a) that there are only townsfolk and Mafiosi and (b) that the townsfolk never have a probability of identifying the Mafia that is better than chance. Early treatment of the game concentrated on simulation, [19] while more recent studies have tried to derive closed-form equilibrium solutions for perfect play.In 1987, the USSR was starting to change. Mikhail Gorbachev was introducing the perestroika reforms which would ultimately lead to the end of the Cold War. The first treaty between the USSR and the US limiting the proliferation of nuclear weapons was signed. Billy Joel played Leningrad and over-excited fans danced so hard they broke 200 seats. And at Moscow State University a young psychology student, Dimitry Davidoff, was trying to cram two years of college into one while teaching high-school students interested in his subject. It was a timetable that demanded total efficiency, so Davidoff needed to find a way to make the research that he was doing for his term papers palatable to a young audience. The result wasn't (yet) Werewolf; it was a game called Mafia. In an open setup, the numbers of each power role (e.g. militia) present in the game is known to the players, while in a closed setup, this information is not revealed, and in a semi-open setup, only limited or tentative information about the power roles is revealed. The following three tips come courtesy of Pamela Meyer, a professional fraud examiner and author of Liespotting: Proven Techniques to Detect Deception.