Hooker, Mark T. (2011). "Reading John Buchan in Search of Tolkien". In Fisher, Jason (ed.). Tolkien and the Study of his Sources: Critical essays. McFarland. pp.162–192. ISBN 978-0-7864-6482-1. OCLC 731009810. Volume I: Prologue, The Ring Sets Out, The Ring Goes South; Volume II: The Treason of Isengard, The Ring Goes East; Volume III: The War of the Ring, The End of the Third Age, Appendices A–F. Jones, Brian Jay (2013). Jim Henson: The Biography. Virgin Digital. ebook location 5430. Chapter 11. Ripp, Joseph. "Middle America Meets Middle-earth: American Publication and Discussion of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings" (PDF). p.38. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 November 2015.

Book I: The Ring Sets Out [ edit ] Gandalf proves that Frodo's Ring is the One Ring by throwing it into Frodo's fireplace, revealing the hidden text of the Rhyme of the Rings. Ezard, John (15 December 2003). "Tolkien runs rings round Big Read rivals". The Guardian . Retrieved 3 August 2020. Main article: J. R. R. Tolkien's influences Beowulf 's eotenas [ond] ylfe [ond] orcneas, "ogres [and] elves [and] devil-corpses" helped to inspire Tolkien to create the Orcs and Elves of Middle-earth. [20]

Games

Sydell, Laura (30 April 2009). "High-Def 'Hunt For Gollum' New Lord of the Fanvids". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009 . Retrieved 1 May 2009. Thorin and Company continue their journey toward The Lonely Mountain, fending off giant spiders and orcs along the way. Orlando Bloom’s Legolas (another LotR staple) joins the fray alongside newcomer Tauriel (played by Ant-Man’s Evangeline Lilly). While the company reaches Esgaroth, a lake-town south of Erebor, Bilbo descends into the mountain, where he encounters Smaug (voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch). Smaug ultimately leaves his lair and departs for Esgaroth, setting up the conclusion of The Hobbit trilogy. The Life and Works for JRR Tolkien". BBC. 7 February 2002. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010 . Retrieved 4 December 2010. The first Middle-earth film by release date (and the fourth chronologically) is 2001’s The Fellowship of the Ring. The perspective shifts from Bilbo to his much-younger cousin Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood). Following some exposition that sets up the current state of affairs in Middle-earth, we return to Bilbo’s 111th birthday celebration in the Shire.

The Lord of the Rings has had a profound and wide-ranging impact on popular culture, beginning with its publication in the 1950s, but especially during the 1960s and 1970s, when young people embraced it as a countercultural saga. [144] " Frodo Lives!" and "Gandalf for President" were two phrases popular amongst United States Tolkien fans during this time. [145] Its impact is such that the words "Tolkienian" and "Tolkienesque" have entered the Oxford English Dictionary, and many of his fantasy terms, formerly little-known in English, such as " Orc" and " Warg", have become widespread in that domain. [146]

Hobbies

In 2004, for the 50th Anniversary Edition, Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull, under supervision from Christopher Tolkien, studied and revised the text to eliminate as many errors and inconsistencies as possible, some of which had been introduced by well-meaning compositors of the first printing in 1954, and never been corrected. [70] The 2005 edition of the book contained further corrections noticed by the editors and submitted by readers. Yet more corrections were made in the 60th Anniversary Edition in 2014. [71] Several editions, including the 50th Anniversary Edition, print the whole work in one volume, with the result that pagination varies widely over the various editions. [T 18] Posthumous publication of drafts [ edit ] a b Kullmann, Thomas (2013). "Poetic Insertions in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings". Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate. 23 (2): 283–309. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018 . Retrieved 15 May 2020. Aragorn, accompanied by Legolas, Gimli, and the Rangers of the North, takes the Paths of the Dead to recruit the Dead Men of Dunharrow, oathbreakers who are bound by an ancient curse which denies them rest until they fulfil their oath to fight for the King of Gondor. Aragorn unleashes the Army of the Dead on the Corsairs of Umbar invading southern Gondor. With that threat eliminated, Aragorn uses the Corsairs' ships to transport the men of southern Gondor up the Anduin, reaching Minas Tirith just in time to turn the tide of battle. Théoden's niece Éowyn, who joined the army in disguise, kills the Lord of the Nazgûl with help from Merry; both are wounded. Together, Gondor and Rohan defeat Sauron's army in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, though at great cost; Théoden is among the dead. Bilbo departs on one last adventure, leaving the One Ring with Frodo; Gandalf warns Frodo he must leave the Shire, as Sauron ( the Lord of the Rings) and his evil cronies — specifically the Nazgûl, a host of nine horse-mounted wraiths — will be coming for the ring. Frodo departs the Shire with his best friend, Samwise Gamgee (Sean Astin), along with fellow hobbits Merry (Dominic Monaghan) and Pippen (Billy Boyd). Gilsdorf, Ethan (23 March 2007). "Elvish Impersonators". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007 . Retrieved 3 April 2007.

Pate, Nancy (20 August 2003). "Lord of the Rings Films Work Magic on Tolkien Book Sales". SunSentinel. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018 . Retrieved 20 November 2018. Diver, Krysia (5 October 2004). "A lord for Germany". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 28 March 2006 . Retrieved 12 March 2006.Scholars and critics have identified many themes in the book with its complex interlaced narrative, including a reversed quest, [34] [35] the struggle of good and evil, [36] death and immortality, [37] fate and free will, [38] the addictive danger of power, [39] and various aspects of Christianity such as the presence of three Christ figures, for prophet, priest, and king, as well as elements like hope and redemptive suffering. [40] [41] [42] [43] Holmes, John R. (2013) [2007]. "Art and Illustrations by Tolkien". In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp.27–32. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1. Tolkien, Christopher (2002) [1988–1992]. The History of the Lord of the Rings: Box Set (The History of Middle-earth). HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-261-10370-2. OCLC 43216229. a b Shippey, Tom (2005) [1982]. The Road to Middle-earth (Thirded.). HarperCollins. pp.1–6, 260–261, and passim. ISBN 978-0-261-10275-0.