An example of a mixed method dissertation outline is now included in the set of guidelines for reporting mixed methods research in a proposal, dissertation, or journal article. what was the size of your sample?Who made up your sample?How did you select your sample population? Why did you choose thatparticular samplingstrategy?)

Quantitative research uses numerical data (quantities) deriving,for example,from experiments, closed questions in surveys, questionnaires, structured interviewsorpublished data sets (Cottrell, 2014, p93). It normally processes and analyses thisdata using quantitative analysis techniques like tables,graphsand statistics to explore, present and examine relationships and trends within the data (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2015, p496). This short video on qualitative interviews discusses best practices and covers qualitative interview design, preparation and data collection methods. There are several methods you can use to get primary data. To reiterate,the choice of the methods should depend on your research question/hypothesis. Primary data are data (primary sources) you directly obtained through your empirical work (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015, p316). Primary sources are "first-hand" information such as raw data, statistics, interviews, surveys, law statutes and law cases. Even literary texts, pictures and films can be primary sources if they are the object of research (rather than, for example, documentaries reporting on something else, in which case they would be secondary sources). The distinction between primary and secondary sources sometimes lies on the use you make of them (Cottrell, 2014, p123).Ensuring Mixed Methods Research Integrity: Quality Considerations for Mixed Methods Research and Evaluation Studies In this case, a group of people (normally, 4-12) is gathered for an interview where the interviewer asks questions to such group of participants. Group interactions and discussions can be highly productive, but the researcherhas tobeware of the group effect, whereby certain participants and views dominate the interview (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015, p419). The researcher can try to minimise this by encouraging involvement of all participants and promoting a multiplicity of views.

Interviews are useful to gain rich, qualitative information about individuals' experiences, attitudes or perspectives. With interviews you can follow up immediately on responses for clarification or further details. There are three main types of interviews:structured(following a strict pattern of questions, which expect short answers),semi-structured(following a list of questions, with the opportunity to follow up the answers with improvised questions), andunstructured(following a short list of broad questions, where the respondent can lead more the conversation) (Specht, 2019, p142). New flowcharts detail the steps involved in conducting each of the six major mixed methods designs. Observational methods are useful for in-depth analyses of behaviours in people, animals, organisations, events or phenomena. They can test a theory or products in real life or simulated settings.Theygenerally a qualitative research method. Data collected from previously done research, existing research is summarised and collated to enhance the overall effectiveness of the research. The in-depth discussions led by theinterdisciplinary group of 11 internationally renowned editorial section leadsproject our collective thinking of mixed methods research design into the future across the following six sections:Editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides offer complete flexibility for creating a multimedia presentation for the course Quantitative methods can be difficult, expensive and time consuming (especially if using primary data, rather than secondary data). Fetters, Michael D. The Mixed Methods Research Workbook: Activities for Designing, Implementing, and Publishing Projects. 0 vols. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2020. Sage Research Methods, Mixed Methods Research Series, 29 Nov 2023, doi: https:// doi. org/10.4135/9781071909713. The study can be undertaken on a broader scale, generating large amounts of data that contribute to generalisation of results

Suitable when the phenomenon is relativelysimple, andcan be analysed according to identified variables. A clear and comprehensive overview of research methods by Emerald Publishing. Itincludes:crowdsourcing as a research tool; mixed methods research; case study; discourse analysis; ground theory; repertory grid; ethnographic method and participant observation; interviews; focus group; action research; analysis of qualitative data; survey design; questionnaires; statistics; experiments; empirical research; literature review; secondary data and archival materials; data collection. Provideevidence that you incorporatedrigorinto your research. This is the quality of being thorough andaccurateand considers the logic behind your research design. why did you choose one technique over another? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the technique you chose? Indicate what participants were asked to do, how measurements weretakenand any calculations made to raw data collected.Secondary sources normally include the literature (books and articles) with the experts' findings, analysis and discussions on a certain topic (Cottrell, 2014, p123). Secondary sources ofteninterpretprimary sources. Questionnaires and surveys are useful to gain opinions, attitudes, preferences, understandings on certain matters. They can provide quantitative data that can be collated systematically; qualitative data, if they include opportunities for open-ended responses; or both qualitative and quantitative elements.

The methodology chapter should referenceyour use of quantitativeresearch, qualitativeresearchand/or mixed methods.The following is a description of each along with their advantages and disadvantages. Fetters, M. (2020). The mixed methods research workbook. (Vols. 1-0). SAGE Publications, Inc., https:// doi. org/10.4135/9781071909713 Qualitative methods are good for in-depth analysis of individual people, businesses, organisations, events. Describe all materials used for the study, including equipment, written materials and testing instruments. There is some confusion on the use of thetermsprimary and secondary sources, and primary and secondary data. The confusion is also due to disciplinary differences (Lombard 2010). Whilst you are advised to consult the research methods literature in your field, we can generalise as follows:

Secondary data are data (primary sources) that were originally collected by someone else (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill 2015, p316).