This is the basic idea behind the mastery orientation to achievement, which values self-improvement over competitive aspirations.

Professor Kanheman, a renowned professor at Princeton University who won the Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics, explains the theory that shows we tend to look at things from ‘gains and losses’. People with an approach motivational style are primarily interested in securing rewards and desirable outcomes (going to the gym to stay fit or to look sexy), whereas those with an avoidance motivational style mostly want to avoid punishment and undesirable outcomes (going to the gym to avoid criticism or heart disease).

The type of change that is most beneficial is an intrinsic development that retains the identity of each lover.

Dave Schroerlucke is a mental performance expert helping individuals and teams develop the attitudes, habits, and mental skills that promote optimal performance, particularly within the context of competitive or high-stakes environments. Work on setting task goals, using intrinsic motivation, and applying progressions to short-term plans. This can backfire when individuals adopt a defensive avoidance strategy, refusing to invest effort or altogether dodging tasks in which there is a chance of being evaluated poorly. In fact, fear is a fantastic trigger to remind athletes to put their mental skills to work to reframe their mindset.In 1997, 18-year-old Kobe Bryant had the ball in his hands in the final moments of a must-win playoff game against the Utah Jazz.

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